Many engineering systems can be characterised as complex since they have a nonlinear behaviour incorporating a stochastic uncertainty. Urban traffic systems or traffic pollution propagation models are typical representatives of such complex systems. One of the most appropriate methods for modelling such systems is based on the application of Gaussian processes.

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Recurrence is one of the key concepts in topological dynamics, ergodic and information theories. Especially, limit distributions of return times in dynamical systems and stationary processes have been intensively studied. This field covers fundamental mathematical theorems as well as important apllications, e.g.